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Wikenigma - an Encyclopedia of Unknowns Wikenigma - an Encyclopedia of the Unknown

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  • Southwest Paleohispanic Scriptplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigSouthwest Paleohispanic Script

    Southwest Paleohispanic Scripts ( a.k.a. South-Lusitanian, Tartessian or Bastulo-Tartessian scripts ) are a set of undeciphered engravings - in an unknown language - that have been discovered in the south of Portugal, mainly Algarve and southern Alentejo. There are 90 or so individual examples on stone and pottery.
  • Electrical activity in fungiplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigElectrical activity in fungi

    It's been established that many species of fungi generate small electric potentials (c. 100 mV) in their webs of underground fibres.

    It's unknown what significance these electrical potentials may or may not have. Some research groups have suggested that they could form the basis of 'signals' between fungi - or even between the fungi and nearby plants.
  • Microsaccadesplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigMicrosaccades

    Microsacaddes (lit. trans. 'tiny pulls') are very small involuntary eye movements that are ubiquitous in mammalian vision. They've been known-about and studied since the mid 1880s.

    When fixed on any particular scene, the eyes tend to rapidly and repeatedly 'scan' the scene over a tiny range of less than 1 degree of the visual field.
  • Acrochorda (skin tags)plugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigAcrochorda (skin tags)

    "Acrochordons are 1 mm to 1 cm (rarely giant sized) papules that may or may not have stems. Their color ranges from skin color to dark brown. Although acrochordon development has been associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, pregnancy, acromegaly, aging, colonic polyps and genetic predisposition,
  • Aeroplanktonplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigAeroplankton

    The atmosphere of Earth is permanently teeming with countless numbers of microscopic organisms - including :

    * bacteria * viruses * fungi * algae * archaea * spores of mosses, fungi, etc etc. * ( and, in addition, raw DNA and RNA fragments )
  • Silicone gel (scar prevention)plugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigSilicone gel (scar prevention)

    Ths use of medical-grade silicone gel sheets to help prevent scar formation was pioneered in the 1980s. They can be used to help prevent scars from injuries and burns etc, as well as from surgery,

    The gel sheets are worn over the damaged area for a few months, and clinical trials (as well as first hand practical experience) has shown them to be very effective at preventing scar formation.
  • Risperidoneplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigRisperidone

    Risperidone, was widely approved for use in the late 1990s. Sold under the brand names Aleptan, Arketin, Diaforin, Krisp, Risperdal, Okedi and many others, it's used to treat Schizophrenia, Major Depressive Disorder, Stuttering, Tourette syndrome and sometimes Autism

    "Exact mechanism of antipsychotic action has not been fully elucidated;
  • Yang Mills framework and the 'mass gap'plugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigYang Mills framework and the 'mass gap'

    "Almost half a century ago, Yang and Mills introduced a remarkable new framework to describe elementary particles using structures that also occur in geometry. Quantum Yang-Mills theory is now the foundation of most of elementary particle theory, and its predictions have been tested at many experimental laboratories, but its mathematical foundation is still unclear.
  • Tail wagging in domestic dogsplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigTail wagging in domestic dogs

    "Tail wagging is a conspicuous behaviour in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). Despite how much meaning humans attribute to this display, its quantitative description and evolutionary history are rarely studied.

    Source :
  • Boredomplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigBoredom

    From a scientific viewpoint, boredom is very poorly defined. Some research groups asserting that boredom is associated with very low levels of psychological 'arousal' and other asserting the opposite (i.e. boredom can induce intense agitation).

Recently edited articles :

  • Peto's paradoxplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigPeto's paradox

    Peto's Paradox was introduced by the UK epidemiologist Richard Peto in 1977. It is still generally considered unsolved.

    Simply stated : All animal cells have the potential to turn cancerous. Large animals have many more cells, therefore larger animals should be subject to higher rates of cancer. But they're not. In mammals for example, the larger animals in general have broadly similar rates to the smaller ones.
  • Southwest Paleohispanic Scriptplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigSouthwest Paleohispanic Script

    Southwest Paleohispanic Scripts ( a.k.a. South-Lusitanian, Tartessian or Bastulo-Tartessian scripts ) are a set of undeciphered engravings - in an unknown language - that have been discovered in the south of Portugal, mainly Algarve and southern Alentejo. There are 90 or so individual examples on stone and pottery.
  • Electrical activity in plantsplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigElectrical activity in plants

    Electrical signals within plant tissue have been studied since the 1800s. Charles Darwin was interested in possible electrical signals in the Venus Flytrap mechanism (which is still not completely understood). In the 1920s Jagadish Chandra Bose investigated what he called
  • Electrical activity in fungiplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigElectrical activity in fungi

    It's been established that many species of fungi generate small electric potentials (c. 100 mV) in their webs of underground fibres.

    It's unknown what significance these electrical potentials may or may not have. Some research groups have suggested that they could form the basis of 'signals' between fungi - or even between the fungi and nearby plants.
  • Language Acquisitionplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigLanguage Acquisition

    "Language development is thought to proceed by ordinary processes of learning in which children acquire the forms, meanings, and uses of words and utterances from the linguistic input. Children often begin reproducing the words that they are repetitively exposed to.
  • Microsaccadesplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigMicrosaccades

    Microsacaddes (lit. trans. 'tiny pulls') are very small involuntary eye movements that are ubiquitous in mammalian vision. They've been known-about and studied since the mid 1880s.

    When fixed on any particular scene, the eyes tend to rapidly and repeatedly 'scan' the scene over a tiny range of less than 1 degree of the visual field.
  • Schizophreniaplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigSchizophrenia

    "Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to understand what is real. Common symptoms include false beliefs, unclear or confused thinking, auditory and visual hallucinations, reduced social engagement and emotional expression, and a lack of motivation."
  • Aeroplanktonplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigAeroplankton

    The atmosphere of Earth is permanently teeming with countless numbers of microscopic organisms - including :

    * bacteria * viruses * fungi * algae * archaea * spores of mosses, fungi, etc etc. * ( and, in addition, raw DNA and RNA fragments )
  • Acrochorda (skin tags)plugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigAcrochorda (skin tags)

    "Acrochordons are 1 mm to 1 cm (rarely giant sized) papules that may or may not have stems. Their color ranges from skin color to dark brown. Although acrochordon development has been associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, pregnancy, acromegaly, aging, colonic polyps and genetic predisposition,
  • Influenza seasonalityplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigInfluenza seasonality

    The incidence of Influenza ('flu) is tightly linked to the seasons. In temperate climates the disease exists at low levels during the warmer Summer months, and then dramatically peaks during the Winter.

    The reasons for this 'seasonality' have been examined and discussed at length for more than a century.
  • Valproateplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigValproate

    "Valproate (VPA) and its valproic acid, sodium valproate, and valproate semisodium forms are medications primarily used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder and prevent migraine headaches. They are useful for the prevention of seizures in those with absence seizures, partial seizures, and generalized seizures. They can be given intravenously or by mouth, and the tablet forms exist in both long- and short-acting formulations.
  • Appetite Regulationplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigAppetite Regulation

    Very extensive research, over many decades, has identified a number of biochemical routes that can influence appetite in humans.

    For an overview, see: Mechanisms of Appetite Regulation Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 51():p S123-S124,

    In particular, the so called 'hunger hormones'
  • 'Frozen shoulder'plugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_big'Frozen shoulder'

    Frozen Shoulder ( technical name : Adhesive capsulitis ) is a condition which causes severe pain and restricted movement of the shoulder joint. The pain is caused by abnormalities and hardening of the collagen in the tissues of the shoulder capsule joint.
  • Risperidoneplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigRisperidone

    Risperidone, was widely approved for use in the late 1990s. Sold under the brand names Aleptan, Arketin, Diaforin, Krisp, Risperdal, Okedi and many others, it's used to treat Schizophrenia, Major Depressive Disorder, Stuttering, Tourette syndrome and sometimes Autism

    "Exact mechanism of antipsychotic action has not been fully elucidated;
  • Stutteringplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigStuttering

    Stuttering, estimated to affect 55 million people worldwide, is defined as :

    "- a disruption in the fluency of verbal expression characterized by involuntary, audible or silent, repetitions or prolongations of sounds or syllables"

    Source :

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